In the realm of substances, a captivating interplay exists between tranquil motion and the turbulent forces of turbulence. When a liquid flows smoothly, it exhibits graceful patterns, reminiscent of a winding river. Molecules glide in an orderly fashion, their interactions subtle. This harmonious state is known as equilibrium. But when extern

The unique attributes of alcohols stem directly from the presence of hydrogen bonding. This powerful intermolecular attraction arises from the charge distribution of the alcohol group (-OH). The highly attractive oxygen atom pulls electrons towards itself, creating a partial negative charge (δ-) on the oxygen and a partial positive charge (δ+) on